Description

The seminar presents an introduction to the general study of political culture and the particular political cultures of selected societies. Its point of departure is the view that social science, as a special branch of the positive sciences, should be cultural science.

Schedule

I. Culture, Political Culture, and Cultural Science

The first half of the seminar (approximately) consists of four to five sessions of lectures and discussions on the general nature of culture, political culture, and "cultural science." The following subjects will be covered during these sessions:

1 The concept of political culture.

2. Overview of studies of political culture.

3. The emergence of the idea of culture, 1830-1950s.

3. Traits of "cultural science."

4. Cultural science versus "utility-theory."

5. Types and elements of political culture

6. Cultural hypotheses (explanations)

During this part of the seminar students should start to read for their later seminar reports. They should also familiarize themselves with a number of chapters in basic works that delineate the nature of the political-culture approach:

Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture, ch.1 and the Civic Culture Revisited, ch. 1 and 10.

Pye and Verba, Political Culture and Political Development, chapter 1.

Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, chapter 1.

Ellis, Thompson and Wildavsky, Cultural Theory, chapter 1.

Also recommended are general appraisals of the approach (as listed in the attached Select Bibliography, Section I): Brint, 1991; Inglehart, 1988; Reisinger, 1995; and Welch 1993.

II. Political Cultures

The second part of the seminar will consist of students' reports on the political cultures of selected countries, as listed below, together with basic bibliography for the reports.

The reports should generally consist of three parts:

(1) An overview of the political culture of the country, including important sub-cultures and general "culture-themes." (2) The significance of the case for constructing or evaluating political-culture theories (e.g., of political stability and change, efficacy, democracy and democratization; political development; etc.). (3) The extent to which there has been continuity in the culture, change, or rapid cultural "transformation."

The readings listed will be the bases of

seminar discussions. Students not reporting on the countries should look over at least some of these readings, but not necessarily read them closely. For additional readings, see the Select Bibliography, below.

1. Germany

Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture (passim).

Harry Eckstein, "A Theory of Stable Democracy," in Regarding Politics (passim).

David P. Conradt, "Changing German Political Culture," in Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture Revisited, ch. VII.

Kendall Baker, Russell J. Dalton, and Kai Hildebrandt. Germeny Transformed: Political Culture and the New ` Politics.

2. Great Britain

Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture (passim).

Eric A. Nordlinger, The Working-Class Tories: Authority, Deference, and Stable Democracy.

Dennis Kavanagh. " Political Culture in Great Britain: The Decline of the Civic Culture," in Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture Revisited, ch. V.

J.M.W. Bean, The Political Culture of Modern Britain.

3. Japan

Robert Ward, "Japan," in Pye and Verba, Political Culture and Political Development.

Lucian W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics, ch.6.

Curtis H. Martin and Bruce Stronach, Politics East and West: A Comparison of Japanese and British Political Culture.

Ishida, Takeshi. The Political Culture of Japan.

4. Russia (and The Czech Republic)

Stephen White, Political Culture and Soviet Politics.

Nicolai N. Petro, The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture.

Archie Brown, ed. Political Culture and Communist Studies, chapters 1, 4-7.

5. China

Lucian W. Pye, The Mandarin and the Cadre.

Lucian W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimension, ch.7.

6. Mexico (time permitting)

Robert E. Scott, "Mexico: The Established Revolution,"

in Pye and Verba, chapter 9.

Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture, passim, esp. pp. 414-428.

Ann L. Craig and Wayne A. Cornelius, "Political Culture in Mexico: Continuities and Revisionist Interpretations." In Almond and Verba, The Civic Culture Revisited, Chapter IX.

Wayne A. Cornelius, Politics and the Migrant Poor in Mexico City.

7. India (time permitting)

Myron Weiner. "India: Two Political Cultures," in Pye and Verba, Political Culture and Political Development.

Lucian W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics, ch.5.

Philip Spratt. Hindu Culture and Personality.

Seminar Papers

Seminar papers may be written about the political culture of any country of your choice. It is of course advisable to write about a country about which you already know a good deal or about which you want particularly to inform yourself - preferably the country on which you reported in the seminar. With the instructor's permission, students may collaborate on papers, each taking chief responsibility for parts of them.

Papers are due at the end of the examination week.

Select Bibliography

I. General Studies

* = recommended

** = highly recommended

**Almond, Gabriel A. and Sidney Verba, 1963. The Civic Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

-------------------, 1980. The Civic Culture Revisited. Newbury Park: Sage..

Berger, Arthur Asa, ed. 1990. Political Culture and Communication Theory. London: Transaction.

Blum, William Theodore. 1974. Ideologies and Attitudes: Modern Political Culture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

**Brint, Michael. 1991. A Genealogy of Political Culture. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

*Archie Brown, 1996. "Political Culture," in The Social Science Encyclopedia 2nd edition. London: Routledge.

Coyle, Dennis and Richard Ellis. 1994. Politics, Policy, amd Culture. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

Czudnowski, Moshe M. 1968. "A Salience Dimension of Politics for the Study of Political Culture." American Political Science Review. 62, 878-888.

Diamond, Larry J. 1993. Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries. Boulder, Colo.: L. Rienner.

**Eckstein, Harry. 1996. "Culture as a Foundation-Concept for the Social Sciences." Theoretical Politics (forthcoming).

Elkins, David J. and Richard E.B. Simeon, 1979, "A Cause in Search of Its Effects, or What does Political Culture Explain." Comparative Politics, 11, 127-145.

**Ellis, Richard J., Michael Thompson. amd Aaron Wildavsky. 1990. Cultural Theory. Boulder: Westview.

Gellner, Ernest. 1987. Culture, Identity, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

*Gibbings, John R. ed. 1989. Contemporary Political Culture: Politics in a Postmodern Age. London: Sage.

Greenstein, Fred I. amd Tarrow, Sidney. 1970. Political Orientations of Children. Beverley Hills: Sage.

**Inglehart, Ronald. 1977. The Silent Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

**Inglehart, Ronald. 1988. "The Renaissance of Political Culture." American Political Science Review 82, 1203-1230.

Laitin, David W. and Aaron Wildavsky. 1988. "Political Culture and Political Preferences." American Political Science Review 82, 589-596.

Lehman, Edward. W. 1972. "On the Concept of Political Culture: A Theoretical Reassessment." Social Forces 50,361-370.

Pateman, Carole. 1971. "Political Culture, Political Structure, and Political Change." British Journal of Political Science 1, 291-305.

**Pye, Lucian W. and Sidney Verba eds. 1965. Political Culture and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Rosenbaum, Walter. 1975. Political Culture. London: Thoiman Nelson and Sons.

*Reisinger, William M. 1995. "The Renaissance of a Rubric: Political Culture as Concept and Theory." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7 (4): 328-352

**Welch, Stephen 1993 The Concept of Poitical Culture. London: Macmillan.

Wildavsky, Aaron. 1985. "Change in Political Culture." Politics 20, 95-102.

Wildavsky, Aaron, 198t. "Choosing Preferences by Constructing Institutions: Cultural Theory of Preference Formation." American Political Science Review, 81. 3-21.

Wilson, Richard W. 1992 Compliance Ideologies: Rethinking Political Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

******

II. Comparative and Area Studies

Arjomand, Said Amir. 1988. Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism. Albany: SUNY Press.

*Brown, Archie and J. Gray, eds. 1977. Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States. London: Macmillan.

Brynen, Rex, Baghat Korani, and Paul Noble. eds. 1995. Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Boulder: Rienner.

Dittmer, Lowell. 1983. "Comparative Communist Political Culture." Comparative Communism 16, 9-24.

*Jowitt, Kenneth. 1974. "An Organizational Approach to the Study of Pollitcal Culture in Marxist-Leninist Systems." American Political Science Review. 68, 1171-1191.

Krieger, Silke. 1994.Culture and Democracy in Africa South of the Sahara. Mainz: Hase und Koehler.

Pipes, David. 1983. In the Path Of God: Islam and Political Power. New York: Basic Books.

*Pye, Lucian W, with Mary W. Pye. 1985. Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimensions of Authority. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press.

Ramet, Sabrina Petra.1992. Adaptation and Transformation in Communist and Post-Communist Systems. Boulder: Westview.

Sisk, Timothy D. 1992. Islam and Democracy: Religion, Politics, and Power in the Middle East. Washington D.C.: US Institute of Peace.

III. Country Studies

(Note: Most of the publications listed here deal specifically with political culture. In a few cases, where materials on political culture are very scant, works on general culture that may indicate aspects of political culture are listed. It is worthwhile to consult such works in all cases.)

Africa

Kenya

Haugerud, Angelique. 1995. The Culture of Politics in Modern Kenya. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.

Asia

China

Metzger, Thomas A. 1977. Escape from Predicament: Neo- Confucianism and China's Evolving Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press.

Pye, Lucian W. 1988. The Mandarin and the Cadre: China's Political Culture. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Solomon, Richard H. 1971. Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Wasserstrom, Jeffrey and Elizabeth J. Perry. 1994. Popular Protest amd Political Culture in Modern China. Boulder, Colo,: Westview.

India

Appadorai, Angadipuram. 1971. Political Ideas in Modern India. Bombay: Academic Books.

Brass, Paul R. 1984. Caste, Faction, and Party in Indian

Politics. Delhi: Chanakaya.

Eisenstadt, S.N., Reuven Kahane and David Shulman, eds. 1984. Orthodoxy, Heterodoxy, and Dissent in India. Berlin: Mouton.

Eldersveld, Samuel J. and Bashiruddin Ahmed. 1978. Citizens

and Politics. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

and Politics: Mass Political Behavior in India. Chicago: Chicago University Press..

Jha, Akhilestwar. 1978. Modernizatiuon and the Hindu Socio-Culture. Delhi: B.P. Publishing Company.

Sagar, Sunderlag. 1975. Hindu Culture and Caste System in India. Delhi: Uppsal.

Spratt, Philip. 1977. Hindu Culture and Personality. Delhi: Delhi Printers Prakashan.

Indonesia

Holt, Claire. 1972. Culture and Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Anderson, Benedict, 1990. Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press..

Japan

Ishida, Takeshi. 1983. Japanese Political Culture: Change and Continuity. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Ishida, Takeshi amd Ellis S. Krauss. 1989. Democracy in Japan. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Richardson, Bradley M. 1974. The Political Culture of Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.

South Korea

Paek, Wang-Gi. 1990. Korean Administrative Culture. Seoul: Korea University Press.

Sri Lanka

Kapferer, Bruce, 1988. Legends of People, Myths of State. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Eastern Europe

Hungary

Csepeli, Gyorgy. 1992. Ideology and Political Beliefs in Hungary: The Twilight of State Socialism. London: Pinter.

Poland

Frentzel-Zagorska, Janina. 1985. "The Dominant Political Culture in Poland." Politics 20, 82-98.

Ludwikowski, Rett R. 1991. Continuity and Change in Poland. Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press.

Nowak, Stefan. 1981. "Values and Attitudes of the Polish People." Scientific American, 254,23-3

Russia

Barghoorn, Frederick. 1952. "Stalinism and the Russian Cultural Heritage." Review of Politics, 14, 178-203.

Burant, Stephen R. 1987. "The Influence of Russian Tradition on the Political Style oif the Soviet Elite." Political Science Quarterly 102, 273-293.

Gitelman, Zvi. 1977. "Soviet Political Culture: Insights from Jewish Emigrés." Soviet Studies,17, 543-564.

Hahn, Jeffrey W. 1991. "Continuity and Change in Russian Political Culture." British Journal of Political Science, 21, 393-421.

Hill, Ronald J. 1985. "The Cultural Dimension of Soviet Political Development." Journal of Communist Studies 1, 34-53.

Petro, Nicolai N. 1994. The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Tismaeanu, Vladimir. 1995. Political Culture amd Civil Society in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe.

White, Stephen. 1979. London: Macmillan. Political Culture and Soviet Politics.

Latin America

Argentina

Calvert, Susan abd Peter Calvert. 1989. Argentina: Political Culture and Instability. Houndmills: Macmillan

Catterberg, Edgardo R. 1991. Argentina Confronts Politics. Boulder: Rienner

Chile

Moreno, Fransisco Jose. 1969. Legitimacy and Stability in Latin America: A Study of Chilean Political Culture. London: University of London Press.

Cuba

Fagen, Richard R. 1976. The Transformation of Political Culture in Cuba. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Mexico

Casanova, Pablo Gonzelez. 1970. Democracy im Mexico. New York: Oxford UP.

Cornelius, Wayne A. 1975. Politics and the Migrant Poor in Mexico City. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Fagen Richard R. and Tuohy, Wiiliam S. 1972. Politics and Privilege in a Mexican City. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Needler, Martin 1971. Politics and Society in Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Scott, Robert E. 1959. Mexican Government in Transition. Urbana: Illinois University Press.

Stephens, Evelyn P. 1974. Protest and Response in Mexico: Cambrige, MA: MIT Press.

Velez-Ibanez, Carlos G. 1983. Rituals of Marginality. Berkeley: University of California Press.

(See also Oscar Lewis" ethnographies: The Children of Sanchez; Five families; Life in a Mexican Village; Tepoztlan.)

Venezuela

Hillman, Richard S. 1994. Democracy for the Privileged. Boulder: Rienner Publishers.

Middle East

Bahrain

Khuri, Fuad Ishaq. 1980. Tribe and State in Bahrain. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Iran

Farsoun, Samih K. and Mekhrad Mashayekhi. 1993. Iran: Political Culture in an Islamic Republic. London: Routledge.

Israel

Aronoff, Myron J. 1989. Israeli Visions and Divisions. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Etzioni-Halevy, Eva, 1977. Political Culture in Israel. New York: Praeger.

Melman, Yossi. 1992. The New Israelis: An Intimate View of a Changing People. New York: Carol Publishing Group.

Western Europe and North America

Canada

Kornberg, Allan and Harold C. Clarke. 1992. Citizens and Community. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Pammett, John H. and Michael S. Whittington, eds. 1975. Foundations of Political Culture: Political Socialization in Canada. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada.

Resnick, Philip. 1985. Parliament vs. People: An Essay on Democracy and Canadian Political Culture. Vancouver: New Star Books.

France

Gaffney and Kolinsky (see citation under "Germany").

Schonfeld, William. 1976. Obedience and Revolt: French Behavior Toward Authority. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Germany

Baker, Kendall L, Russell J. Dalton, and Kai Hildebrandt. 1981. Germany Transformed: Political Culture and the New Politics. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

Berg-Schlosser, Dirk and Ralph Rytkewski, eds. 1993. Political Culture in Germany. Houndsmill: Macmillan.

Dahrendorf, Ralf.1962, Society and Democracy in Germany. New York: Doubleday.

Gaffney, John and Eva Kolinsky, eds. 1991. Political Culture in France and Germany. London: Routledge.

Hoffman-Lange, Ursula, ed. 1991. Social and Political Structures in West Germany: From Authoritarianism to Postindustrial Democracy. Boulder: Westview.

Roberts, Geoffrey K. 1984. "Normal" or "Critical?" Progress Reports on the Condition of West Germany's Political Culture.' European Journal of Political Research. 12, 423-431.

Schaffner, Bertram. 1949. Fatherland: A Study of Authoritarianism in the German Family. New York: Columbia Un9iversity Press.

Stern, Fritz. 1975. The Failure of Illiberalism: Essays on the Political Culture of Modern Germany. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Great Britain

Bean, J.M.W. 1987. The Political Culture of Modern Britain. London: Hamilton.

Beer, Samuel H. 1989. Britain Against Itself: The Political Contradictions of Collectivism. New York: Norton.

Goldthorpe, John H., 1968. The Affluent Worker: Political Attitudes and Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..

Jessop, Bob 1974. Traditionalism. Conservatism, and British Political Culture. London: Allen and Unwin.

Marsh, Alan. 1972. Protest and Political Consciousness. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Nordlinger, Eric A. 1967. The Working-Class Tories: Authority, Deference, and Stable Democracy. University of California Press.

Thompson, Willie. 1993. The Long Death of British Labourism: Interpreting a Political Culture. London: Pluto Press.

Topf, Richard. 1989. "Political Change and Political Culture in Britain," in John R. Gibbins, cited above.

Vernon, James.1993. Politics and the People: A Study in English Political Culture, 1815-1967. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Ireland

Coakley, John and Michael Gallaher, eds. 1993. Politics in the Republic of Ireland. Dublin: Folens.

Raven, John et alia. 1976. Political Culture in Ireland. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration.

Schmitt, David E, 1975. The Irony of Irish Democracy. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.

Italy

Banfield, Edward C. 195. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.

Putnam, Robert D. 1978. The Beliefs of Politicians. New Haven: Yale University Press.

---------------, 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Netherlands

Lijphart, Arend. 1968. The Politics of Accomodation: Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Norway

Eckstein, Harry. 1966. Division and Cohesion in Democracy: A Study of Norway. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Rodnick, David. 1955. The Norwegians. Washington D.C.: Public Affairs Press.

Sweden

Anton, Thomas Julius. 1980. Administered Politics: Elite Political Culture in Sweden. Boston: Nijhoff.

Switzerland

Steiner, Jürg. 1974. Amicable Agreement versus Majority Rule: Conflict Resolution in Switzerland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

United States

Studies of American political culture, contemporary and historical, are too numerous to list here. Especially recommended are the classics by de Tocqueville and Hartz, and Daniel Elazar's studies of American sub-cultures.