The new wave of countries turning into democracies offers a unique opportunity to study the emergence of democratic institutions. In this course we explore different ways to theorize and understand what is occurring (modernization theory, system theory, action theory, etcetera). We also want to look at what is occurring empirically. We are interested in systems of government as well as in party systems and other types of newly established formal and informal structures. Most of the evidence will be taken from Central and Eastern Europe, although other areas may also be taken into consideration (Southern Europe, South America, Asia).

Seminars are an opportunity to explore new readings and research opportunities, with a guide (Klingemann and Dalton) nearby. To help develop your exploratory skills, we expect three things of graduate students in this seminar. First, to thoughtfully read the literature on the syllabus and come to class prepared to critically discuss these readings. Second, we will ask each student to prepare a critique of one week's readings; this critique should not just summarize the readings, but discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the readings as you see them. Third, we want you to explore on your own--that is, to conduct a small research project. We suggest you analyze some aspect of the last three themes we discuss in this course: party images as presented through party programs, electoral behavior, or support for the democratic process. We will set aside time during the last three weeks to discuss your findings, and the written paper will be due the final class meeting. We will provide more information on these research projects in the seminar.

The readings from the course are drawn from a diverse set of sources. We have ordered two books for the course that will provide some readings and should be part of your personal political science library:

Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan (1996). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Giuseppe Di Palma (1990). To Craft Democracies. Berkeley, CA: The University of California Press.

In addition, we have assembled a packet of readings, and some of the readings will be placed on reserve at the University library.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This course was developed with a Visiting Scholar Grant from the Center for German and European Studies at the University of California, Berkeley that supported Prof. Klingemann's appointment at UC Irvine.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

October 1 Introduction

October 8 Modernization, Postmodernization and Democracy

Modernization Theory

Larry Diamond, Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered, ch. 6 in Marks/Diamond, eds. Reexamining Democracy.

Svante Ersson and Jan-Erik Lane, "Democracy and Development: A Statistical Exploration, in Adrian Leftwich, ed. Democracy and Development: Theory and Practice.

Inglehart, Modernization and Postmodernization, ch. 6

Postmodernization

Dieter Fuchs and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Citizens and the State: A Changing Relationship? ch. 1 in Klingemann/Fuchs, eds. Citizens and the State.

Inglehart, Modernization and Postmodernization, ch. 3, 11

Dieter Fuchs and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Citizens and the State: A Relationship Transformed, ch. 14 in Klingemann/Fuchs, eds. Citizens and the State.

October 15 On the Importance of History and Political Actors

Juan Linz and A. Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, chs. 1-5.

Guiseppe Di Palma, To Craft Democracies, chs. I-IV, IX

Berglund/Aarebrot, The Crumbling Monolith (ch. 4), in Berglund and Aarebrot, eds. The Political History of Eastern Europe in the 20th Century.

October 22 Variations of Democratic Institutions

Arend Lijphart, Democracies, ch. 1, 2, 9 and 10 (on library reserve).

October 24 P&S Colloquium:

Ronald Inglehart, University of Michigan "Modernization and Postmodernization."

October 29 Interest Mediation and Party Systems

Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Systems and the Consolidation of Democracies, ch. 8 in Marks/Diamond, eds. Reexamining Democracy.

Juan J. Linz, Change and Continuity in the Nature of Contemporary Democracies, ch. 9 in Marks/Diamond, eds. Reexamining Democracy.

Herbert Kitschelt, "The Formation of Party Cleavages in Post-Communist Democracies, Party Politics (1995): 447-472.

Nov. 5 Programmatic Profiles of Political Parties

HD Klingemann, Richard Hofferbert and Ian Budge, Parties, Policies and Democracy, chs. 1.

Richard Hofferbert, The Pattern of Party Concerns in Modern Democracies, Paper presented at the Conference on Change in the Relationship of Paries and Democracy, Texas A&M University.

HD Klingemann, "party manifestos in Eastern Europe."

Nov. 12 Parties and Electoral Support

Herbert Kitschelt, The Structuring of the Vote in Post-communist Party Systems, European Journal of Political Research (1995): 143-160.

Richard Rose, Mobilizing Demobilized Voters in Post Communist Societies. Working Paper 1995/76, Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones

Russell Dalton and Wilhelm Buerklin, Two German Electorates? In Russell Dalton, ed. Germans Divided.

Nov. 13 CSD Colloquium (305 SST)

Jan Zielonka, European University Institute, "Institutional Engineering in Eastern Europe."

Nov. 19 Support for Democracy

Dieter Fuchs et al., Support for the Democratic System, ch. 11 in Klingemann/Fuchs, eds. Citizens and the State.

HD Klingemann, Mapping Political Support in the 1990s. Paper presented for the Conference on Political Support in Comparative Perspective, Washington, DC. August 1997.

Russell Dalton, Citizens and Democracy: Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Paper presented for the Conference on Political Support in Comparative Perspective, Washington, DC. August 1997

William Mishler and Richard Rose, Trajectories of Support in Central and Eastern Europe. Paper presented for the Conference on Political Support in Comparative Perspective, Washington, DC. August 1997.

Nov. 26 Perspectives on the Future

Jaun Linz and A. Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, ch. 21, Post-Communist Europe: Concluding Comparative Reflections.

Samuel P. Huntington (1993), The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs, 72, 22-49.

Ronald Inglehart, Modernization and Postmodernization, ch. 10: The Erosion of Institutional Authority and the Rise of Citizen Intervention in Politics.

Dec. 2 Roundtable on the Democratic Experience

Guest Speakers: Giuseppe DiPalma, University of California, Berkeley

Fabrizi, University of California, Berkeley

Giuseppe DiPalma, Irvine Seminar Notes, 1997

Ghia Nodia, How Different are Postcommunist Transitions? Journal of Democracy (1996).

Giuseppe DiPalma, Market, State and Citizenship in New Democracies.

Guillermo O'Donnell, Delegative Democracy, Journal of Democracy (1994).

Guillermo O'Donnell, Horizontal Accountability and New Polyarchies, Paper presented at the conference on "Institutionalizing Horizontal Accountability," Vienna, 1997.

Guillermo O'Donnel, Polyarchies and the (Un)Rule of Law in Latin America, Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, 1997.